Trends in nebulization strategies for speciation analysis. Advantages of Multineb nebulizer for online internal standard correction technique and isotopic dilution analysis by lc-icp-ms. application to human biological fluids.
Trace elements appear in pharmaceutical products as catalytic residues, impurity constituents of the active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) or excipients, and/or due to contamination from manufacturing equipment, production processes, or packaging. Low-levels of reagents or by-products may be present
in the final active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) as residual
impurities.
Determining Elemental Impurities in Pharmaceutical Products using ICP-MS and MultiNeb® nebulizerICP-MS and ICP-OES Analysis of Multi-Elemental Profile of Red and White Wines using MultiNeb® nebulizer
Trace elements appear in pharmaceutical products as catalytic residues, impurity constituents of the active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) or excipients, and/or due to contamination from manufacturing equipment, production processes, or packaging. Low-levels of reagents or by-products may be present
in the final active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) as residual
impurities.
ICP-MS and ICP-OES Analysis of Multi-Elemental Profile of Red and White Wines using MultiNeb® nebulizer
Wine is one of the most popular alcoholic beverages in the world. Wine is a complex matrix and, it contains low-level concentrations of mineral elements in major (Ca, K, Mg, and Na), minor (Fe, Cu, Mn and Zn) and trace levels (As, Cd, Co, Cr, Ni, Pb, and Hg). The elemental composition of wines and sparkling wines depends on natural and anthropogenic sources. Endogenous elements come from the absorption of minerals from the soil and can be found in different parts of the plant, including the grapes.
Selenium Speciation in Foods by External Calibration (MassNeb® nebulizer) and Isotopic Dilution Analysis (MultiNeb® nebulizer) using HPLC-ICP-MS
Selenium (Se) is an essential trace element for both human and animals. Se is often found in the form of selenoproteins and is involved in various biochemical and physiological functions in mammalian systems, such as the enhancement of immunity and oxidation resistance. Knowledge about selenium content of foods containing selenium species is very important in terms of both nutrition and toxicity. The bioavailability of selenium species for human body varies. Hence, speciation of selenium is more important than total selenium determination. Although data on the total concentration of an analyte are necessary, they are not sufficient to provide a proper understanding of the behavior of the analyte relative to a system under study. This is because different species, despite having the same chemical element, do not possess the same physical, chemical, and toxicological characteristics.
ICP-MS trace metal analysis in human urine. A performance comparison between MultiNeb®, MassNeb® and Micromist® nebulizers
Urine is the most commonly used biological fluid for biomonitoring studies as the method of sample collection is relatively simple and a variety of elements are excreted in urine as their original form or metabolites. Accurate quantification of trace elements in urine by ICP-MS is, however, often challenging due to analyte concentrations at trace and ultratrace levels and elevated levels of background constituents that may add up to 40 g L-1 in typical human urine. In this sense, matrix elements including Cl (1.9–8.4 g L-1), Na (1.2–4.4 g L-1), and K (0.8–2.6 g L-1) are closely associated with spectral and/or non-spectral interferences in ICP-MS analysis, causing signal suppression by inorganic urine components
Speciation analysis solutions for LC-ICP-MS
Sample introduction can be performed by nebulization of LC outflow, capillary electrokinetic chromatography (CEC), or CE, capillary zone electrophoresis (CZE). In addition, several modes of chromatographic separations can be used for species discrimination at preparative, capillary or nano scale, such as size exclusion chromatography (SEC), reverse phase (RP), ion exchange chromatography (IEC), hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography (HILIC) and affinity chromatography (AF).
